1. , 2 ³ 4. | | V = 210-9 ³ T = 277 ______________ N = ? | , , (1) ν , NA . , ν=m/μ, μ- , (1), : . (2) : m=ρV. (2) : . (3) H2O : (21+116)10-3 /=1810-3 /. , (3) N≈6,681019 . | 2. , 0,5, 3, . 5 , : ) , ) . . | | | V1=510-4 ³ V2=310-3 ³ p0=1,01310-3 n=5 ______________ p, p ? | ) n- Vn=nV1 p0. , , pn. , – ( =const), , . : ) V2 0. V2+V1 p1. – , V2 p1, – (V2+V1) p2, , , n- : (1) (2), p=1,86105 ; p=0,48105 . | 3. 250 2,5 200. 400. , , . . V-. p2 V3. | | | p1=2,5103 V1=2,510-3 ³ 1=200, 2=400 ______________ p2 – ? V3-? | : 
1 2 . , p1/1=p2/2, (1) 3 1 . , – , . , 3=2 ( 2 3 ), . (2) (1) (2): p2=5105 ; V3= 510-3 ³. | 4. 27 3106 . , 0,3 , 2106 ? | | | 1=300 p1=3106 p2=2106 k=0,3 ____________________ 2-? | . m p1, V T, p2, V 2. -: ,(1) . (2) (1) (2), : , . , 2=286 | 5. 2³ 2 32 500. : ) , ) , ) . | | | V= 2³ = 500 m1=0,002 m2=0,032 1=210-3/ 2=3210-3/ R=8,31/ _______________ p-? -? ρ-? | , (1) p1- , p2- . -: , .(2) (2) (1): .(3) (3) (4) , – . (5) (4) (5) . (6) : , (7) m=m1+m2 . (4): .(8) (7) (8), : .(9) (3), (6) (9): =4,2 , =1710-3 /, ρ= 0,017/³. | 6. , , p1=105 T0=300, h=1,5, 20% , . M , V=5003 ( ). | | | V=5003 p0=105 T0=300K h=1.5×103 m=29×10-3/ m=4×10-3/ _____________________ M=? | , T =const, V =const . h =1500. , : , m , m- . , m m m=rV, r = 0,8r, r – . , . . . . : M=380. | 7. . , T1=300K, 1%, Dp=10,5×102. , V=103. | | | T1=300K DT=0.01 T=3K Dp=10,5×102 V=103 m=29×10-3/ ________________ m=? | , () . – : ,(1) ,(2) (3) V, m, m . : m, p1 2. , . , T1=T2+DT. (1) (2), . p1p2=Dp, T1T2=DT. : . : . : m=12. | 8. , 6,1, 53 2∙105. . | | | m=6,1 V=53 =2∙105 _____________ <>-? | : . : : . . , : <> = 700/ | 9. 4 300. , . | | | m=4= 410-3 =300 μ = 2810-3/ ________________ <Wn> – ? | : ; (1) <εn> – ; N , . , ,(2) k=1,3810-23/ , . N : , (3) n- , N =6,021023-1 . , ,(4) m , μ = 2810-3/ . (1) (2), (3) (4) : . (5) (5), : <Wn>≈534 . | 10. 27˚C 2∙102. 60% . . | | | =300 =2102 k=1,3810-23/ τ1=0,6 τ2=0,4 _______________ n1, n2 – ? | , , (1) m , τ1 τ2 . , : , . (2) (1) (2), : , , . (3) . (4) (3) (4) : ,. (5) , , (6). (6) (5): , . (7) : n1 ≈ 0,361023, n2 ≈ 0,121023. | 11. , S=22, ℓ=0,2. , ℓ t1= -10˚C (t1 ) t2=20˚C (t2 ). | | | S=22 ℓ=0,2 1=263K 2=293K ________________ W-? N-? | , , x (.2), . dx, . .(1) : .(2) dN : ,(3) .(4) : , (5) α . (2), (3), (5), : . (6) α 0 : =0 =1, , 0=1; =ℓ, = 2, , , . .(7) dW dx: . .(8) (7) (8), , i=5, =1,01105, N = 1,061025, W = 1105. | 12. , NH3 27˚C. | | | =300 ________________ <ε>-? <εn>-? <ε>-? | : ,(1) i , k =1,3810-23/ , . : , (2) 3 . : . , , .. 6, : , . (3) (1) (3): <ε>=1,2410-20; =6,210-21. | 13. , 35 0,3/3. | | | =35×103 ρ=0,3/3 _______________ <υ>-? | ,(1) n , m0 , <υ> . , , , : .(2) , m , V , N , (1) : . (2), : . , : <υ> = 545 /. | 14. , , , 0,002 , N=1,67×1024 . | | | υmax =0,002 υ N=1,67×1024 _______________ DN-? | dN(u) , u u+du ,(1) N . , υmax=0,002υ, umax= υmax/υ=0,002. u<1, e-u² ≈ 1-u2. u2<1, (1) : .(2) (2) u 0 umax, . , ∆N=1016 . | 15. <ℓ> 40 . <υ> <z> , 1 . | | | <ℓ> = 40×10-9 _______________ <υ>-?, <z>-? | : ,(1) μ- . 1 <υ> <ℓ> : .(2) (1) (2): <υ>=362/, <z>=9,05109-1. | 16. =79, h1 . t=5˚C t=1˚C. ∆h ? 0 . | | | =79 ×103 t1=5˚C, 1=278 t2=1˚C, 2=274 _____________ ∆h – ? | : . 1 2 , h1 ( ), h2. : 0/ : ; . h2 h1 : .(1) (1) ( 0/ , ): ∆h=-28,5 . , h2<h1 , , 28,5 . | 17. , (μ1=2810-3/) (μ2=4410-3/), . . | | | μ1=2810-3/ μ2=4410-3/ ________________ D1/D2-? | ,(1) , . p=nkT, (p1=p2, 1=2) , n1=n2. <υ>,<ℓ> (1) , , D1/D2=1,25. | |
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